Process

INK ANALYSIS

We examine whether the ink from the autograph is consistent with that used during the same time period the autograph was obtained. Older ink has acid and actually etches the paper over time.

AUTOGRAPH STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

We examine the structure of the signature, from handwriting Style, Spontaneity, Signature Flow, Slants, Starts and Stops.

PEN PRESSURE ANALYSIS

Observations of pen pressure variations have added significantly to a number of signature comparison cases undertaken in recent times. This is determined qualitatively by microscopic observation and, in particular, by observing the embossment effect on the back of the document.

SIDE-BY-SIDE EXEMPLAR COMPARISONS

The submitted signature is digitally scanned in high resolution and is then enlarged for analysis along side original exemplars. All autographs are compared to known authentic exemplars. PCA has one of the largest exemplar library, with over 200,000 known exemplars. Most of our exemplars contain a wide-range of handwriting styles from different decades.